تـســخـيـــر فـضــا

[Fantoom121]

  در سال 1957 ميلادي، نخستين موشك هاي قاره پيماي خود را با موفقيت آزمايش كرد، و در اكتبر همان سال نخستين قمر مصنوعي (اسپوتنيك) جهان را با يكي از موشك هاي نيرومند به فضا پرتاب كرد.

يك ماه بعد (3 نوامبر 1957 ميلادي) با پرتاب دومين قمر مصنوعي خود (با وزن بيش از 6 برابر قمر اول) كه حامل يك مسافر (يك سگ به نام لايكا) بود، جهان را شگفت زده كرد.

آيزنهاور در سال 1958 "سازمان ملي هوا و فضانوردي" (ناسا) را برپا كرد

در 15 ماه مه سال 1958 سومين قمر مصنوعي شوروي (به وزن يك تن و نيم) به فضا پرتاب شد، در حالي كه امريكايي ها تازه موفق با پرتاب يك قمر مصنوعي به وزن 30 پوند (كمتر از 15 كيلوگرم) به فضا شده بودند. اين وزنه هزار و پانصد كيلوگرمي شوروي نيز با يكي موشك هاي نيرومند اين كشور به مدار زمين پرتاب شد.

در 12 آوريل 1961 دانشمندان شوروي موفق شدند نخستين سفينه فضايي حامل انسان را به مدار زمين به فرستند. گردش يوري گاگارين (نخستين فضانورد جهان) به دور كره زمين، حيثيت و اعتبار تازه اي به دانشمندان شوروي داد.
(اين پيروزي با تجاوز مسلحانه به كوبا با پشتيباني مستقيم امريكا همزمان بود.)

در 12 اكتبر 1964 شوروي يك سفينه بزرگ را با سه سرنشين در مدار زمين قرار داد.
(همان روز جلسه مخفي در مسكو براي طرح بركناري خروشچف در حال بررسي بود. و در در 14 اكتبر خروشچف بركنار و برژنف به سمت دبير اول حزب كمونيست شوروي برگزيده شد.
و دوران حكومت هجده ساله ركـود و فسـاد برژنف شروع شد)

در روزهاي 18 و 19 مارس 1965 يك فضانورد روسي به نام لئونوف موفق شد براي نخستين بار ضمن گردش در مدار زمين، از سفينه خود خارج شده و به "راه پيمايي در فضا" به پردازد.

(شوروي تا سال 1965 برتري فضايي خود را بر امريكا حفظ كرد، ولي از آن سال به بعد به علت تقليل هزينه هاي تحقيقات فضايي از سرعت پيشرفت شوروي كاسته شد.)

در سال 1969 سفينه امريكايي آپولو 11 به مدار كره ماه فرود آمد، وبرطبق ادعا امريكا، نخستين انسان بر روي كره ماه قدم گذاشت.
(بسياري از دانشمندان جهان بر اين باور هستند كه آن فيلم در هاليوود ضبط شده است
و امريكا يك سفينه بي سرنشين را به كره ماه فرستاده است.)


ليست فضانوردان بر حسب گزينش


1958

June 25 - Man In Space Soonest - USA

Neil Armstrong, Bill Bridgeman, Scott Crossfield, Iven Kincheloe, John B. McKay, Robert Rushworth, Joe Walker, Alvin White and Robert White.

The first group of American astronaut candidates were selected for Man In Space Soonest, a U.S. Air Force project to beat the Soviets into space. While this group didn't wind up going into space when intended, one was eventually the first man to set foot on the moon. Several others became astronauts via the X-15 program.

[edit] 1959

April 9 - NASA Group 1 - Mercury Seven - USA

The "Mercury Seven" were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton.

Though commonly considered to be the first group, the second group of American astronauts was selected for Project Mercury by NASA in April 1959. All seven were military test pilots, a requirement specified by President Eisenhower to simplify the selection process. All seven eventually flew in space, although one, Deke Slayton, did not fly a Mercury mission due to a medical disqualification, instead flying later on the Apollo-Soyuz mission. The other six each flew one Mercury mission. For two of these, Scott Carpenter and John Glenn, the Mercury mission was their only flight in the Apollo era (Glenn later flew on the Space Shuttle). Three of the Mercury astronauts, Gus Grissom, Gordon Cooper and Wally Schirra, also each flew a mission during the Gemini program. Alan Shepard was slated to fly Mercury 10 before its cancellation and was the original commander for the Gemini 3 mission, but did not fly due to a medical disqualification. After surgery to correct the problem, he later flew as commander of Apollo 14. He was the only Mercury astronaut to go to the Moon. Wally Schirra also flew on Apollo as commander of Apollo 7, as well as Mercury and Gemini, the only astronaut to fly on all three types of spacecraft. (Gus Grissom was scheduled to fly the first Apollo flight, but died in a fire on the launch pad during training.) Gordon Cooper was a backup commander for Apollo 10, the "dress rehearsal" flight for the lunar landing, and would have commanded another mission (likely to have been Apollo 13, according to the crew rotation), but was bumped from the rotation after a disagreement with NASA management.

[edit] 1960

March 7 - Air Force Group 1 - USSR

The initial group of Soviet cosmonauts was chosen from Air Force jet pilots. The twenty, finalized on March 7, 1960, were: Ivan Anikeyev, Pavel Belyayev, Valentin Bondarenko, Valery Bykovsky, Valentin Filatyev, Yuri Gagarin, Viktor Gorbatko, Anatoli Kartashov, Yevgeny Khrunov, Vladimir Komarov, Aleksei Leonov, Grigori Nelyubov, Andrian Nikolayev, Pavel Popovich, Mars Rafikov, Georgi Shonin, Gherman Titov, Valentin Varlamov, Boris Volynov, and Dmitri Zaikin.

April - Dyna-Soar Group 1 - USA

In April 1960, seven men were secretly chosen for the Dyna-Soar program: Neil Armstrong (previously part of MISS), Bill Dana, Henry C. Gordon, Pete Knight, Russell L. Rogers, Milt Thompson, and James W. Wood. Armstrong and Dana left the program in the summer of 1962.

[edit] 1962

March 12 - Female Group - USSR

On March 12, 1962, a group of five civilian women with parachuting experience was added to the cosmonaut group: Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomaryova, Irina Solovyova, Valentina Tereshkova, and Zhanna Yerkina. Only Tereshkova would fly.

September 17 - NASA Group 2 - The Next Nine (Also: The Nifty Nine) - USA

A second group of nine astronauts was selected by NASA in September 1962. This group included Neil Armstrong, Frank Borman, Charles Conrad, Jim McDivitt, Jim Lovell, Elliott See, Tom Stafford, Ed White and John Young.

All of this group flew missions in the Gemini program except Elliott See, who died in a flight accident while preparing for the Gemini 9 flight. All of the others also flew on Apollo, except for Ed White, who died in the Apollo 1 launchpad fire. Three of this group, McDivitt, Borman and Armstrong, made single flights in both Gemini and Apollo. Four others, Young, Lovell, Stafford and Conrad, each made two flights in Gemini and at least one flight in Apollo. Young and Lovell both made two Apollo flights. Conrad and Stafford also made second flights in Apollo spacecraft, Conrad on Skylab 2 and Stafford in Apollo-Soyuz. Six of this group, Borman, Lovell, Stafford, Young, Armstrong and Conrad, made flights to the Moon. Lovell and Young went to the Moon twice. Armstrong, Conrad, and Young walked on the Moon. John Young also later flew on the Space Shuttle and would retire from NASA in 2004.

September 19 - Dyna-Soar Group 2 - USA

On September 19, 1962, Albert Crews was added to the Dyna-Soar program and the names of the six active Dyna-Soar astronauts were announced to the public.

[edit] 1963

January 10 - Air Force Group 2 - USSR

Yuri Artyukhin, Eduard Buinovski, Lev Demin, Georgi Dobrovolski, Anatoli Filipchenko, Aleksei Gubarev, Vladislav Gulyayev, Pyotr Kolodin, Eduard Kugno, Anatoli Kuklin, Aleksandr Matinchenko, Vladimir Shatalov, Lev Vorobyov, Anatoli Voronov, Vitali Zholobov

October 17 - NASA Group 3 - The Fourteen - USA

Buzz Aldrin, William Anders, Charles Bassett, Alan Bean, Eugene Cernan, Roger Chaffee, Michael Collins, Walter Cunningham, Donn Eisele, Theodore Freeman, Richard Gordon, Russell Schweickart, David Scott, Clifton Williams

All of the third group (except those who died) flew on the Apollo program - Aldrin, Bean, Cernan and Scott walked on the Moon. Five of them (Aldrin, Cernan, Collins, Gordon and Scott) also flew missions during the Gemini program.

Bassett, Chaffee, Freeman and Williams all died before they could fly in space - Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire, the others in plane crashes.

During the Apollo program, (1961-1975), the United States launched a total of 31 missions carrying astronauts into space: 6 in the Mercury program, 10 in the Gemini program, 11 in the Apollo program, 3 in the Skylab program, and 1 in the Apollo-Soyuz Test program. These 31 missions provided 71 individual flight opportunities: 6 in Mercury, 20 in Gemini, 33 in Apollo, 9 in Skylab, and 3 in Apollo-Soyuz. These 71 positions were filled by 43 individuals. Of these 43, 4 flew a total of 4 flights, 3 flew a total of 3 flights, 10 flew twice, and the remaining 26 flew only once. Thus only 17 flew more than once, and only seven flew more than twice. (Several later made additional flights on the Space Shuttle.)

Of the 31 Apollo-era flights, 2 were suborbital and 9 were lunar missions. The remaining 20 were earth orbital flights. The 9 lunar flights provided 27 individual lunar flight opportunities. These were filled by 24 individuals. Only 3 people flew to the Moon twice. The 6 successful lunar landing flights provided 12 individual lunar landing opportunities. These were filled by 12 individuals. No one landed on the Moon twice. Of those who landed on the Moon, 2 had already flown to the Moon once, 5 had made previous non-lunar flights, and 5 had no previous spaceflight experience.

All 6 Mercury flights and 3 of 10 Gemini flights had all-rookie crews, as did 1 of the 3 Skylab flights. All the Apollo missions included at least 1 veteran astronaut. Only 2 flights, the lunar landing mission and its dress-rehearsal, had all-veteran crews.

[edit] 1964

January 25 - Air Force Group 2 Supplemental - USSR

Georgi Beregovoi

May 26 - Voskhod Group (Medical Group 1) - USSR

Vladimir Benderov, Georgi Katys, Vasili Lazarev, Boris Polyakov, Aleksei Sorokin, Boris Yegorov

June 11 - Civilian Specialist Group 1 - USSR

Konstantin Feoktistov

[edit] 1965

June 1 - Journalist Group 1 - USSR

Yaroslav Golovanov, Yuri Letunov, Mikhail Rebrov

In 1965, three civilian journalists were selected for cosmonaut training in preparation for flight on a Voskhod mission. When the Voskhod program was canceled, Golovanov and Letunov were dismissed. Rebrov, on the other hand, stayed with the space program as a journalist until 1974.

June 1 - Medical Group 2 - USSR

Yevgeni Illyin, Aleksandr Kiselyov, Yuri Senkevich

These physicians were selected for the long-duration Voskhod flights, all of which were subsequently canceled to make way for the Moon program. All three were dismissed at the beginning of the following year.

June 28 - NASA Group 4 - The Scientists - USA

Owen Garriott, Edward Gibson, Duane Graveline, Joseph Kerwin, Curt Michel, Harrison Schmitt

Graveline and Michel left NASA without flying in space. Schmitt walked on the Moon on Apollo 17. Garriott, Gibson and Kerwin all flew to Skylab. Garriott also flew on the Space Shuttle and was the first Amateur radio operator to operate from orbit.

October 28 - Air Force Group 3 - USSR

Boris Belousov, Vladimir Degtyarov, Anatoli Fyodorov, Yuri Glazkov, Vitali Grishchenko, Veygeni Khludeyev, Leonid Kizim, Pyotr Klimuk, Gennadi Kolesnikov, Aleksandr Kramarenko, Mikhail Lisun, Aleksandr Petrushenko, Vladimir Preobrazhensky, Valeri Rozhdestvensky, Gennadi Sarafanov, Ansar Sharafutdinov, Vasili Shcheglov, Aleksandr Skvortsov, Eduard Stepanov, Valeri Voloshin, Oleg Yakovlev, Vyacheslav Zudov

This group of cosmonauts was selected for participation in five separate Soyuz programmes that the USSR was running. These included military programs (with and without the Almaz/Salyut space stations) and two lunar programs (only one of which aimed at an actual lunar landing). In the end, only the orbital program and the space station program went ahead, and few of the cosmonauts from this group ever were given the chance to fly.

November - USAF MOL Group 1 - USA

Michael J. Adams, Albert H. Crews Jr., John L. Finley, Richard E. Lawyer, Lachlan Macleay, Francis G. Neubeck, James M. Taylor, Richard H. Truly.

This group was selected for training for the U.S. Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. Of this group, only Richard Truly transferred to NASA after the cancellation of the MOL program and later flew on the Space Shuttle. Truly would later become the first astronaut to become NASA Administrator in 1989.

[edit] 1966

April 4 - NASA Group 5 - The Original 19 - USA

Vance Brand, John S. Bull, Gerald Carr, Charles Duke, Joseph Engle, Ronald Evans, Edward Givens, Fred Haise, James Irwin, Don Lind, Jack Lousma, Thomas Mattingly, Bruce McCandless II, Edgar Mitchell, William Pogue, Stuart Roosa, John Swigert, Paul Weitz, Alfred Worden.

This group -- except John Bull, who left NASA; Edward Givens, who died; Joseph Engle, who was bumped from Apollo 17 for Harrison Schmitt; and Bruce McCandless and Don Lind, who were candidates for one of three canceled Apollo flights -- flew on all Apollo flights after Apollo 12. Fred Haise and John Swigert flew on Apollo 13, the latter replacing Thomas Mattingly after he was scrubbed due to measles exposure although he later flew on Apollo 16. Edgar Mitchell and Stuart Roosa both flew on Apollo 14 with Alan Shepard, while Alfred Worden and James Irwin flew with David Scott on Apollo 15. Charles Duke, who was CAPCOM for Apollo 11, flew on Apollo 16 with John Young and Mattingly, while Ron Evans served as Command Module Pilot with Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt on Apollo 17. Paul Weitz, Jack Lousma, and William Pogue flew aboard Skylab on separate missions, while Vance Brand, a backup Skylab astronaut, flew aboard ASTP with Thomas Stafford and Deke Slayton in 1975. Joseph Engle and Fred Haise, in 1977, commanded crews on the Space Shuttle Enterprise landing tests, with Engle, Mattingly, Bruce McCandless, and Don Lind later flying actual Space Shuttle flights. Engle, with MOL transferee Richard H. Truly, would command the last all-rookie US spaceflight crew (STS-2) in November, 1981, as current NASA policy requires that the Shuttle commander be an experienced astronaut.

May 23 - Civilian Specialist Group 2 - USSR

Sergei Anokhin, Vladimir Bugrov, Gennadi Dolgopolov, Georgi Grechko, Valeri Kubasov, Oleg Makarov, Vladislav Volkov, Aleksei Yeliseyev

June 30 - USAF MOL Group 2 - USA

Karol Bobko, Robert Crippen, Gordon Fullerton, Henry Hartsfield, Robert Overmyer.

This group was selected for training for the U.S. Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. All transferred to NASA after the MOL program was canceled and all five flew on the Space Shuttle as pilot astronauts.

[edit] 1967

January 31 - Civilian Specialist Group 2 Supplemental - USSR

Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Vitali Sevastyanov

May 7 - Air Force Group 4 - USSR

Vladimir Alekseyev, Vladimir Beloborodov, Mikhail Burdayev, Sergei Gaidukov, Vladimir Isakov, Vladimir Kovalyanok, Vladimir Kozelsky, Vladimir Lyakhov, Yuri Malyshev, Viktor Pisarev, Nikolai Porvatkin, Mikhail Sologub

May 22 - Academy of Sciences Group - USSR

Mars Fathulin, Rudolf Gulyayev, Ordinard Kolomitsev, Vsevolod Yegorov, Valentin Yershov

June - USAF MOL Group 3 - USA

James Abrahamson, Robert Herres, Robert H. Lawrence Jr, Donald Peterson.

This group was selected for training for the US Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory program.

October 4 - NASA Group 6 - XS-11 (The Excess Eleven) - USA

Joseph Allen, Philip Chapman, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Donald Holmquest, William B. Lenoir, John Llewellyn, Story Musgrave, Brian O'Leary, Robert Parker, William Thornton.

This second group of scientist-astronauts was chosen to fly as backup crew members for the last three Apollo missions, or as backup crew members for Skylab. Except for Chapman, Holmquest, Llewellyn and O'Leary, the rest of this group flew as mission specialists during the Space Shuttle program, with Story Musgrave being the last one to retire in 1998.

[edit] 1968

May 27 - Civilian Specialist Group 3 - USSR

Vladimir Fartushny, Viktor Patsayev, Valeri Yazdovsky

[edit] 1969

August 14 - NASA Group 7 - USA

Karol Bobko, Robert Crippen, Gordon Fullerton, Henry Hartsfield, Robert Overmyer, Donald Peterson, Richard Truly.

USAF MOL astronauts who transferred to NASA after the cancellation of the MOL program. All flew on early Space Shuttle flights.

September 10 - Civilian Engineer Group - USSR

Anatoli Demyanenko, Valeri Makrushin, Dmitri Yuyukov

[edit] 1970

April 27 - Air Force Group 5 - USSR

Anatoli Berezovoi, Aleksandr Dedkov, Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Nikolai Fefelov, Valeri Illarianov, Yuri Isaulov, Vladimir Kozlov, Leonid Popov, Yuri Romanenko

[edit] 1971

February 25 - 1971 Scientific Group - USSR

Gurgen Ivanyan

May - Shuguang Group 1970 - China

Chai Hongliang, Dong Xiaohai, Du Jincheng, Fang Guojun, Hu Zhanzi, Li Shichang, Liu Chongfu, Liu Zhongyi, Lu Xiangxiao, Ma Zizhong, Meng Senlin, Shao Zhijian, Wang Fuhe, Wang Fuquan, Wang Quanbo, Wang Rongsen, Wang Zhiyue, Yu Guilin, Zhang Ruxiang

[edit] 1972

March 22 - Civilian Specialist Group 4 - USSR

Boris Andreyev, Valentin Lebedev, Yuri Ponomaryov

March 22 - Medical Group 3 - USSR

Georgi Machinski, Valeri Polyakov, Lev Smirenny

[edit] 1973

March 27 - Civilian Specialist Group 5 - USSR

Vladimir Aksyonov, Vladimir Gevorkyan, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, Valeri Romanov, Valery Ryumin, Gennady Strekalov

[edit] 1974

January 1 - Physician Group - USSR

Zyyadin Abuzyarov

[edit] 1976

August 23 - Air Force Group 6 - USSR

Leonid Ivanov, Leonid Kadenyuk, Nikolai Moskalenko, Sergei Protchenko, Yevgeni Saley, Anatoly Solovyev, Vladimir Titov, Vladimir Vasyutin, Alexander Volkov

November 25 - 1976 Intercosmos Group - USSR

Miroslaw Hermaszewski, Zenon Jankowski, Sigmund Jähn, Eberhard Köllner, Oldrich Pelcak, Vladimír Remek

[edit] 1978

January 16 - NASA Group 8 - TFNG (Thirty-Five New Guys) - USA

Pilots: Daniel Brandenstein, Michael Coats, Richard Covey, John Creighton, Robert Gibson, Frederick Gregory, Frederick Hauck, Jon McBride, Francis "Dick" Scobee, Brewster Shaw, Loren Shriver, David Walker, Donald Williams

Mission specialists: Guion Bluford, James Buchli, John Fabian, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, David Griggs, Terry Hart, Steven Hawley, Jeffrey Hoffman, Shannon Lucid, Ronald McNair, Richard Mullane, Steven Nagel, George Nelson, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Rhea Seddon, Robert Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman Thagard, James van Hoften

Due to the long delay between the last Apollo mission and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, few astronauts from the older groups stayed with NASA. Thus in 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after 9 years without new astronauts, including the first female astronauts, and also the first black astronaut Guion Bluford. Since then, a new group has been selected roughly every two years.

Two different astronaut groups were formed: pilots and mission specialists. Additionally the shuttle program has payload specialists who are selected for a single mission and are not part of the astronaut corps - among them were mostly scientists, also a few politicians and many international astronauts.

Of the first of the post-Apollo group, Sally Ride would become the first American woman in space (STS-7). Later, she would fly with Kathryn Sullivan on a Shuttle flight, in which Sullivan would become the first American woman to perform an EVA. Dr. Thagard, who flew with Ride on STS-7, would later become the first American to be launched on a Russian rocket (Soyuz TM-18 or "Mir-18") to the Mir space station, while Shannon Lucid would serve on the Mir for slightly over 6 months, breaking all American space duration records (both the Skylab 4 record and Thagard's) in 1996-97. Of this group, Scobee, Resnik, Onizuka, and McNair would perish in the Challenger Disaster. Of the astronauts chosen, Steve Hawley,Shannon Lucid,and Anna Fisher are the only astronauts on active duty. After the Challenger Disaster, Sally Ride would serve on both the Rogers Commission and the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

March 1 - 1978 Intercosmos Group - USSR

Aleksandr P. Aleksandrov, Dumitru Dediu, Jose Lopez Falcon, Bertalan Farkas, Maidarzhavyn Ganzorig, Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha, Georgi Ivanov, Bela Magyari, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, Dumitru Prunariu

May 1 - Payload Specialists - ESA

Ulf Merbold, Claude Nicollier, Wubbo Ockels, Franco Malerba

[edit] 1979

April 1 - 1979 Intercosmos Group - USSR

Tuân Pham, Thanh Liem Bui

USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer - Group 1

David M. Vidrine, Eric E. Sundberg, Malcolm W. Lydon, Paul A. Sefchek, Keith C. Wright, Gary E. Payton, John B. Watterson, Terry A. Higbee, Daryl J. Joseph, Jerry J. Rij, Michael A. Hamel, Jeffrey E. Detroye, Frank J. Casserino,

[edit] 1980

May 29 - NASA Group 9 - USA

Pilots: John Blaha, Charles Bolden, Roy Bridges, Guy Gardner, Ronald Grabe, Bryan O'Connor, Richard Richards, Michael J. Smith

Mission specialists: James Bagian, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mary Cleave, Bonnie Dunbar, William Fisher, David Hilmers, David Leestma, John Lounge, Jerry Ross, Sherwood Spring, Robert Springer

International mission specialists: Claude Nicollier, Wubbo Ockels

Of this group, Franklin Chang-Diaz would become the first Hispanic-American in space, Michael Smith would perish in the Challenger Disaster, while John Blaha would fly aboard the Mir space station. Both Jerry Ross and Chang-Diaz currently jointly hold the record of number of manned spaceflights flown at seven.

[edit] 1982

December 1 - Payload Specialists - Germany

Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid

[edit] 1984

May 23 - NASA Group 10 - The Maggots - USA

Pilots: Kenneth Cameron, John Casper, Frank Culbertson, Sidney Gutierrez, Blaine Hammond, Michael McCulley, James Wetherbee

Mission specialists: James Adamson, Ellen Baker, Mark Brown, Sonny Carter, Marsha Ivins, Mark Lee, David Low, William Shepherd, Kathryn Thornton, Charles Veach

[edit] 1985

June 4 - NASA Group 11 - USA

Pilots: Michael Baker, Robert Cabana, Brian Duffy, Terence Henricks, Stephen Oswald, Stephen Thorne

Mission specialists: Jerome Apt, Charles Gemar, Linda Godwin, Richard Hieb, Tamara Jernigan, Carl Meade, Pierre Thuot

Thorne was killed in the crash of a private airplane before his first flight assignment.

August 1 - 1985 NASDA Group - Japan

Mamoru Mohri, Chiaki Mukai, Takao Doi

[edit] 1987

June 12 - NASA Group 12 - The GAFFers - USA

Pilots: Andrew M. Allen, Kenneth Bowersox, Curtis Brown, Kevin Chilton, Donald McMonagle, William Readdy, Kenneth Reightler

Mission specialists: Thomas Akers, Jan Davis, Michael Foale, Gregory Harbaugh, Mae Jemison, Bruce Melnick, Mario Runco, James Voss

The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space, while Michael Foale would fly aboard the Mir space station.

August 3 - 1987 Payload Specialists - Germany

Renate Brümmer, Hans Schlegel, Gerhard Thiele, Heike Walpot, Ulrich Walter

[edit] 1990

January 17 - NASA Group 13 - The Hairballs - USA

Pilots: Kenneth Cockrell, Eileen Collins, William G. Gregory, James Halsell, Charles Precourt, Richard Searfoss, Terrence Wilcutt

Mission specialists: Daniel Bursch, Leroy Chiao, Michael Clifford, Bernard Harris, Susan Helms, Thomas David Jones, William McArthur, James Newman, Ellen Ochoa, Ronald Sega, Nancy Currie, Donald A. Thomas, Janice Voss

Collins would go on to be the first female shuttle pilot and later the first female shuttle commander.

October 8 - 1990 Germany

Reinhold Ewald, Klaus-Dietrich Flade

[edit] 1992

March 31 - NASA Group 14 - The Hogs - USA

Pilots: Scott Horowitz, Brent Jett, Kevin Kregel, Kent Rominger

Mission specialists: Daniel Barry, Charles Brady, Catherine Coleman, Michael Gernhardt, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Jerry Linenger, Richard Linnehan, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Scott Parazynski, Winston Scott, Steven Smith, Joseph Tanner, Andy Thomas, Mary Weber

International mission specialists: Marc Garneau (Canada), Chris Hadfield (Canada), Maurizio Cheli (Italy), Jean-François Clervoy (France), Koichi Wakata (Japan)

Beginning with this NASA Group, international astronauts representing their home country's space agencies were brought in and trained alongside their NASA counterparts as full-fledged mission specialists, eligible to be assigned to any shuttle mission.

April - 1992 NASDA Group - Japan

Koichi Wakata

May 15 - ESA

Maurizio Cheli (Italy), Jean-François Clervoy (France), Pedro Duque (Spain), Christer Fuglesang (Sweden), Marianne Merchez (Belgium), Thomas Reiter (Germany)

[edit] 1994

December 12 - NASA Group 15 - The Flying Escargot - USA

Pilots: Scott Altman, Jeffrey Ashby, Michael Bloomfield, Joe Edwards, Dominic Gorie, Rick Husband, Steven Lindsey, Pamela Melroy, Susan (Still) Kilrain, Frederick Sturckow

Mission specialists: Michael Anderson, Robert Curbeam, Kalpana Chawla, Kathryn Hire, Janet Kavandi, Edward Lu, Carlos Noriega, James Reilly, Stephen Robinson

International mission specialists: Jean-Loup Chrétien (France), Takao Doi (Japan), Michel Tognini (Italy), Dafydd Williams (Canada)

Husband, Anderson, and Chawla were crewmembers on the final Columbia mission.

[edit] 1995

1995 NASDA Group - Japan

Takao Doi

[edit] 1996

May 1 - NASA Group 16 - The Sardines - USA

David Brown, Daniel Burbank, Yvonne Cagle, Fernando Caldeiro, Charles Camarda, Duane Carey, Laurel B. Clark, Michael Fincke, Patrick Forrester, Stephen Frick, John Herrington, Joan Higginbotham, Charles Hobaugh, James M. Kelly, Mark Kelly, Scott Kelly, Paul Lockhart, Christopher Loria, Sandra Magnus, Michael Massimino, Richard Mastracchio, William McCool, Lee Morin, Lisa Nowak, Donald Pettit, John Phillips, Mark Polansky, Paul Richards, Piers Sellers, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Daniel Tani, Rex Walheim, Peggy Whitson, Jeffrey Williams, Stephanie Wilson

International mission specialists: Pedro Duque (Spain), Christer Fuglesang (Sweden), Umberto Guidoni (Italy), Steven MacLean (Canada), Mamoru Mohri (Japan), Soichi Noguchi (Japan), Julie Payette (Canada), Philippe Perrin (France), Gerhard Thiele (Germany)

Brown, Clark, and McCool were crewmembers on the final Columbia mission. Mark and Scott Kelly are twin brothers, James Kelly is not related. Loria resigned from his shuttle mission due to injury and never flew before retiring from the astronaut corps. Nowak, who flew on STS-121, was arrested on February 5, 2007 after confronting a woman entangled in a love triangle with a fellow astronaut. Nowak still remains in "active" status at this time, despite being denied bail due to a charge of felony attempted first degree murder charges.

October - China Group 1996 - China

Li Qinglong, Wu Jie

[edit] 1997

Israel

Yitzhak Mayo, Ilan Ramon

Ramon was a Payload Specialist on the final Columbia mission.

[edit] 1998

January - Chinese Group 1 - China

Chen Quan, Deng Qingming, Fèi Jùnlóng, Jing Haipeng, Liu Boming, Liu Wang, Niè Hǎishèng, Pan Zhanchun, Yang Liwei, Zhai Zhigang, Zhang Xiaoguan, Zhao Chuandong

June 4 - NASA Group 17 - The Penguins - USA

Pilots: Lee Archambault, Christopher Ferguson, Kenneth Ham, Gregory C. Johnson, Gregory H. Johnson, William Oefelein, Alan Poindexter, George Zamka

Mission Specialists: Clayton Anderson, Tracy Caldwell, Gregory Chamitoff, Timothy Creamer, Michael Foreman, Michael E. Fossum, Stanley Love, Leland Melvin, Barbara Morgan, John Olivas, Nicholas Patrick, Garrett Reisman, Patricia Robertson, Steven Swanson, Douglas Wheelock, Sunita Williams, Neil Woodward

International mission specialists: Léopold Eyharts (France), Paolo Nespoli (Italy), Marcos Pontes (Brazil), Hans Schlegel (Germany), Robert Thirsk (Canada), Bjarni Tryggvason (Canada), Roberto Vittori (Italy)

This group includes Barbara Morgan, the first Educator-Astronaut to be selected by NASA. She was the backup "Teacher-In-Space" payload specialist to Christa McAuliffe on the ill-fated Challenger Disaster in 1986. Robertson (nee Hilliard) was killed in the crash of a private airplane before she could be assigned to a shuttle mission.

October 7 - 1998 ESA Group - ESA

Frank De Winne, Léopold Eyharts, André Kuipers, Paolo Nespoli, Hans Schlegel, Roberto Vittori

December 14 - 1999 NASDA Group - Japan

Satoshi Furukawa, Akihiko Hoshide, Naoko Sumino

[edit] 2000

July 26 - NASA Group 18 - The Bugs - USA

Pilots: Dominic A. Antonelli, Eric A. Boe, Kevin A. Ford, Ronald J. Garan, Jr., Terry W. Virts, Jr., Barry E. Wilmore

Mission Specialists: Michael R. Barratt, Robert L. Behnken, Stephen G. Bowen, B. Alvin Drew, Andrew J. Feustel, Michael T. Good, Douglas G. Hurley, Timothy L. Kopra, K. Megan McArthur, Karen L. Nyberg, Nicole P. Stott

[edit] 2003

SpaceShipOne

First group of commercial astronauts: Brian Binnie, Mike Melvill, Doug Shane, Peter Siebold

[edit] 2004

May 6 - NASA Group 19 - The Peacocks - USA

Pilots: Randolph Bresnik, James Dutton

Mission specialists: Thomas Marshburn, Christopher Cassidy, R. Shane Kimbrough, Jose Hernandez, Robert Satcher, Shannon Walker

Educator mission specialists: Joseph M. Acaba, Richard Arnold, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger

International mission specialists: Satoshi Furukawa (Japan), Akihiko Hoshide (Japan), Naoko Yamazaki (Japan)

[edit] 2006

September 4 - Angkasawan Group - Malaysia

Research cosmonauts: Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Faiz Khaleed

October 11 - Cosmonaut Group - Russia

Aleksandr Misurkin, Oleg Novitskiy, Aleksey Ovchinin, Maksim Ponomaryov, Sergey Ryzhikov, Yelena Serova, Nikolai Tikhonov

December 25 - South Korean Group

Research cosmonauts: Yi So-yeon, Ko San


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ليست سفینه ها به ترتیب تاریخ



List of human spaceflights
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

For a list of spaceflights with human crews organised by program, see List of human spaceflights by program.

These chronological lists include all crewed spaceflights that reached an altitude of at least 100 km (the FAI definition of spaceflight), or were launched with that intention but failed. The USA has adopted a slightly different definition of spaceflight, requiring an altitude of only 50 miles. During the 1960s, 13 flights of the US X-15 rocket plane met the US criteria but only two met the FAI's. These lists include only the latter two flights; see the X-15 article for a list of all 13.

[edit] Detailed lists

* List of human spaceflights, 1960s
* List of human spaceflights, 1970s
* List of human spaceflights, 1980s
* List of human spaceflights, 1990s
* List of human spaceflights, 2000-present

[edit] Summary

The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir and ISS space stations – which various of these flights docked with in orbit – are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists (links above) for information.
1961 Vostok 1 — Mercury-Redstone 3 — Mercury-Redstone 4 — Vostok 2
1962 Mercury-Atlas 6 — Mercury-Atlas 7 — Vostok 3 — Vostok 4 — Mercury-Atlas 8
1963 Mercury-Atlas 9 — Vostok 5 — Vostok 6 — X-15 Flight 90 — X-15 Flight 91
1964 Voskhod 1
1965 Voskhod 2 — Gemini 3 — Gemini 4 — Gemini 5 — Gemini 7 — Gemini 6A
1966 Gemini 8 — Gemini 9A — Gemini 10 — Gemini 11 — Gemini 12
1967 Soyuz 1
1968 Apollo 7 — Soyuz 3 — Apollo 8
1969 Soyuz 4 — Soyuz 5 — Apollo 9 — Apollo 10 — Apollo 11 — Soyuz 6 — Soyuz 7 — Soyuz 8 — Apollo 12
1970 Apollo 13 — Soyuz 9
1971 Apollo 14 — Soyuz 10 — Soyuz 11 — Apollo 15
1972 Apollo 16 — Apollo 17
1973 Skylab 2 — Skylab 3 — Soyuz 12 — Skylab 4 — Soyuz 13
1974 Soyuz 14 — Soyuz 15 — Soyuz 16
1975 Soyuz 17 — Soyuz 18a — Soyuz 18 — Apollo-Soyuz — Soyuz 19
1976 Soyuz 21 — Soyuz 22 — Soyuz 23
1977 Soyuz 24 — Soyuz 25 — Soyuz 26
1978 Soyuz 27 — Soyuz 28 — Soyuz 29 — Soyuz 30 — Soyuz 31
1979 Soyuz 32 — Soyuz 33 — Soyuz 34
1980 Soyuz 35 — Soyuz 36 — Soyuz T-2 — Soyuz 37 — Soyuz 38 — Soyuz T-3
1981 Soyuz T-4 — Soyuz 39 — STS-1 — Soyuz 40 — STS-2
1982 STS-3 — Soyuz T-5 — Soyuz T-6 — STS-4 — Soyuz T-7 — STS-5
1983 STS-6 — Soyuz T-8 — STS-7 — Soyuz T-9 — STS-8 — Soyuz T-10-1 — STS-9
1984 STS-41-B — Soyuz T-10 — Soyuz T-11 — STS-41-C — Soyuz T-12 — STS-41-D — STS-41-G — STS-51-A
1985 STS-51-C — STS-51-D — STS-51-B — Soyuz T-13 — STS-51-G — STS-51-F — STS-51-I — Soyuz T-14 — STS-51-J — STS-61-A — STS-61-B
1986 STS-61-C — STS-51-L — Soyuz T-15
1987 Soyuz TM-2 — Soyuz TM-3 — Soyuz TM-4
1988 Soyuz TM-5 — Soyuz TM-6 — STS-26 — Soyuz TM-7 — STS-27
1989 STS-29 — STS-30 — STS-28 — Soyuz TM-8 — STS-34 — STS-33
1990 STS-32 — Soyuz TM-9 — STS-36 — STS-31 — Soyuz TM-10 — STS-41 — STS-38 — STS-35 — Soyuz TM-11
1991 STS-37 — STS-39 — Soyuz TM-12 — STS-40 — STS-43 — STS-48 — Soyuz TM-13 — STS-44
1992 STS-42 — Soyuz TM-14 — STS-45 — STS-49 — STS-50 — Soyuz TM-15 — STS-46 — STS-47 — STS-52 — STS-53
1993 STS-54 — Soyuz TM-16 — STS-56 — STS-55 — STS-57 — Soyuz TM-17 — STS-51 — STS-58 — STS-61
1994 Soyuz TM-18 — STS-60 — STS-62 — STS-59 — Soyuz TM-19 — STS-65 — STS-64 — STS-68 — Soyuz TM-20 — STS-66
1995 STS-63 — STS-67 — Soyuz TM-21 — STS-71 — STS-70 — Soyuz TM-22 — STS-69 — STS-73 — STS-74
1996 STS-72 — Soyuz TM-23 — STS-75 — STS-76 — STS-77 — STS-78 — Soyuz TM-24 — STS-79 — STS-80
1997 STS-81 — Soyuz TM-25 — STS-82 — STS-83 — STS-84 — STS-94 — Soyuz TM-26 — STS-85 — STS-86 — STS-87
1998 STS-89 — Soyuz TM-27 — STS-90 — STS-91 — Soyuz TM-28 — STS-95 — STS-88
1999 Soyuz TM-29 — STS-96 — STS-93 — STS-103
2000 STS-99 — Soyuz TM-30 — STS-101 — STS-106 — STS-92 — Soyuz TM-31 — STS-97
2001 STS-98 — STS-102 — STS-100 — STS-104 — STS-105 — Soyuz TM-33 — STS-108
2002 STS-109 — STS-110 — Soyuz TM-34 — STS-111 — STS-112 — Soyuz TMA-1 — STS-113
2003 STS-107 — Soyuz TMA-2 — Shenzhou 5 — Soyuz TMA-3
2004 Soyuz TMA-4 — SpaceShipOne flight 15P — SpaceShipOne flight 16P — SpaceShipOne flight 17P — Soyuz TMA-5
2005 Soyuz TMA-6 — STS-114 — Soyuz TMA-7 — Shenzhou 6
2006 Soyuz TMA-8 — STS-121 — STS-115 — Soyuz TMA-9 — STS-116


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ليست راه پيمايي ها در فضا



No. Spacecraft Spacewalker Start - UTC End - UTC Duration Comments
1. Voskhod 2 Alexei Leonov March 18, 1965,
08:34:51 March 18, 1965,
08:47:00 0 h, 24 min First EVA
2. Gemini 4 Edward White June 3, 1965,
19:46:00 June 3, 1965,
20:06:00 0 h, 20 min First U.S. EVA
3. Gemini 9A Gene Cernan June 5, 1966,
15:02:00 June 5, 1966,
17:09:00 2 h, 7 min Complex EVA, Visor fogged
4. Gemini 10 - EVA 1 Michael Collins July 19, 1966,
21:44:00 July 19, 1966,
22:33:00 0 h, 49 min Stand up EVA
5. Gemini 10 - EVA 2 Michael Collins July 20, 1966,
23:01:00 July 20, 1966,
23:40:00 0 h, 39 min EVA to Agena 8
6. Gemini 11 - EVA 1 Richard Gordon September 13, 1966,
14:44:00 September 13, 1966,
15:17:00 0 h, 33 min Attached tether to Agena 11
7. Gemini 11 - EVA 2 Richard Gordon September 14, 1966,
12:49:00 September 14, 1966,
14:57:00 2 h, 08 min Stand up EVA - UV photos
8. Gemini 12 - EVA 1 Buzz Aldrin November 12, 1966,
16:15:00 November 12, 1966,
18:44:00 2 h, 29 min Stand Up EVA - UV photos
9. Gemini 12 - EVA 2 Buzz Aldrin November 13, 1966,
15:34:00 November 13, 1966,
17:40:00 2 h, 06 min Complex EVA tests
10. Gemini 12 - EVA 3 Buzz Aldrin November 14, 1966,
14:52:00 November 14, 1966,
15:47:00 0 h, 55 min Stand Up EVA - UV photos
11. Soyuz 4 & Soyuz 5 Yevgeny Khrunov & Aleksei Yeliseyev January 16, 1969,
12:43:00 January 16, 1969,
01:15:00 0 h, 37 min First two-person spacewalk; Transferred from Soyuz 5 to 4
12. Apollo 9 David Scott (Stand up only)& Rusty Schweickart March 6, 1969,
16:45:00 March 6, 1969,
18:02:00 1 h, 17 min Tested lunar spacesuit
13. Apollo 11 - Moonwalk Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin July 21, 1969,
02:39:33 July 21, 1969,
05:11:39 2 h, 31 min, 40 s First moonwalk
14. Apollo 12 - 1st Moonwalk Pete Conrad & Alan Bean November 19, 1969,
11:32:35 November 19, 1969,
15:28:38 3 h, 56 min, 03 s Deploy ALSEP
15. Apollo 12 - 2nd Moonwalk Conrad & Bean November 20, 1969,
03:54:45 November 20, 1969,
07:44:00 3 h, 49 min, 15 s Collect Surveyor 3 samples
16. Apollo 14 - 1st Moonwalk Shepard & Mitchell February 5, 1971,
14:42:13 February 5, 1971,
19:30:50 4 h, 47 min, 50 s Deploy ALSEP
17. Apollo 14 - 2nd Moonwalk Alan Shepard & Edgar Mitchell February 6, 1971,
08:11:15 February 6, 1971,
12:45:56 4 h, 34 min, 41 s Explore to Cone crater
18. Apollo 15 - Stand up EVA David Scott July 31, 1971,
00:16:49 July 31, 1971,
00:49:56 33 min, 07 s Stand up EVA, LM top hatch
19. Apollo 15 - 1st Moonwalk David Scott & Irwin July 31, 1971,
13:12:17 July 31, 1971,
19:45:59 6 h, 32 min, 42 s Deploy LRV & ALSEP
20. Apollo 15 - 2nd Moonwalk David Scott & James Irwin August 1, 1971,
11:48:48 August 1, 1971,
19:01:02 7 h, 12 min, 14 s Traverse to Mt. Hadley Delta
21. Apollo 15 - 3rd Moonwalk David Scott & Irwin August 2, 1971,
08:52:14 August 2, 1971,
13:42:04 4 h, 49 min, 50 s Traverse to Hadley Rille
22. Apollo 15 - Transearth EVA Irwin (Stand up only) & Alfred Worden August 5, 1971,
15:31:12 August 5, 1971,
16:10:19 39 min, 07 s Retrieve SIM bay film
23. Apollo 16 - 1st Moonwalk John W. Young & Charles Duke April 21, 1972,
16:47:28 April 21, 1972,
23:58:40 7 h, 11 min, 02 s Deploy LRV & ALSEP
24. Apollo 16 - 2nd Moonwalk Young & Duke April 22, 1972,
16:33:35 April 22, 1972,
23:56:44 7 h, 23 min, 09 s Traverse to Stone Mtn.
25. Apollo 16 - 3rd Moonwalk Young & Duke April 23, 1972,
15:25:28 April 23, 1972,
21:05:31 5 h, 40 min, 03 s Traverse to Smokey Mtn.
26. Apollo 16 - Transearth EVA Duke (Stand up only) & Thomas Mattingly April 25, 1972,
20:33:46 April 25, 1972,
21:57:28 1 h, 23 min, 42 s Retrieve SIM bay film
27. Apollo 17 - 1st Moonwalk Cernan & Harrison Schmitt December 11, 1972,
23:54:49 December 12, 1972,
07:06:42 7 h, 11 min, 53 s Deploy LRV, ALSEP
28. Apollo 17 - 2nd Moonwalk Cernan & Schmitt December 12, 1972,
23:28:06 December 13, 1972,
07:05:02 7 h, 36 min, 56 s Traverse to South Massif
29. Apollo 17 - 3rd Moonwalk Cernan & Schmitt December 13, 1972,
22:25:48 December 14, 1972,
05:40:56 7 h, 15 min, 08 s Traverse to North Massif
30. Apollo 17 - Transearth EVA Schmitt (Stand up only) & Ronald Evans December 17, 1972,
20:27:40 December 17, 1972,
21:33:24 1 h, 05 min, 44 s Retrieve SIM bay film
31. Skylab 2 CM - EVA 1 Paul J. Weitz May 26, 1973,
00:40 May 26, 1973,
01:20 40 min Stand up EVA CM hatch
32. Skylab 2 - EVA 2 Conrad & Joseph Kerwin June 7, 1973,
15:15 June 7, 1973,
18:40 3 h, 25 min Open Solar Array
33. Skylab 2 - EVA 3 Conrad & Weitz June 19, 1973,
10:55 June 19, 1973,
12:31 1 h, 36 min Replace ATM film
34. Skylab 3 - EVA 1 Owen Garriott & Jack Lousma August 6, 1973,
17:30 August 7, 1973,
00:01 6 h, 31 min Install new Sunshade & Film
35. Skylab 3 - EVA 2 Garriott & Lousma August 24, 1973,
16:24 August 24, 1973,
20:55 4 h, 31 min Change ATM film, gyro
36. Skylab 3 - EVA 3 Garriott & Bean September 22, 1973,
11:18 September 22, 1973,
13:59 2 h, 41 min Change ATM film
37. Skylab 4 - EVA 1 Edward Gibson & William Pogue November 22, 1973,
17:42 November 23, 1973,
00:15 6 h, 33 min Repair antenna, photos
38. Skylab 4 - EVA 2 Gerald Carr & Pogue December 25, 1973,
16:00 December 25, 1973,
23:01 7 h, 01 min Comet Kohoutek photos, ATM film
39. Skylab 4 - EVA 3 Carr & Gibson December 29, 1973,
17:00 December 29, 1973,
20:29 3 h, 29 min Comet Kohoutek photos
40. Skylab 4 - EVA 4 Carr & Gibson February 3, 1974,
15:19 February 3, 1974,
20:38 5 h, 19 min Remove ATM film
41. Salyut 6 - PE-1 Yuri Romanenko(Stand up only) & Georgi Grechko December 19, 1977,
21:36 December 19, 1977,
23:04 1 h, 28 min Test Orlan-D spacesuit
42. Salyut 6 - PE-2 Vladimir Kovalyonok(Stand up only) & Aleksandr Ivanchenkov July 29, 1978,
04:00 July 29, 1978,
06:20 2 h, 05 min Retrieve experiments
43. Salyut 6 - PE-3 Valery Ryumin & Vladimir Lyakhov August 15, 1979,
14:16 August 15, 1979,
15:39 1 h, 23 min Remove radio dish
44. Salyut 7 - PE-1 Anatoli Berezovoy(Stand up only) & Valentin Lebedev July 30, 1982,
02:39 July 30, 1982,
05:12 2 h, 33 min Retrieve experiments
45. STS-6 - EVA 1 Story Musgrave & Donald Peterson April 7, 1983,
21:05 April 8, 1983,
01:15 4 h, 10 min Untethered EMU tests
46. Salyut 7 - PE-2 - EVA 1 Lyakhov & Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov November 1, 1983,
04:47 November 1, 1983,
07:36 2 h, 50 min Add solar array
47. Salyut 7 - PE-2 - EVA 2 Lyakhov & Alexandrov November 3, 1983,
03:47 November 3, 1983,
06:62 2 h, 55 min Add solar array
48. STS-41-B - EVA 1 Bruce McCandless II & Robert Stewart February 7, 1984 February 7, 1984 5 h, 55 min First untethered spacewalk, MMU tests; SMM repair rehearsal
49. STS-41-B - EVA 2 McCandless & Stewart February 9, 1984 February 9, 1984 6 h, 17 min MMU tests; SMM repair rehearsal
50. STS-41-C - EVA 1 George Nelson & James van Hoften April 8, 1984,
14:18 April 8, 1984,
16:56 2 h, 38 min Retrieve Solar Max
51. STS-41-C - EVA 2 Nelson & van Hoften April 11, 1984,
08:58 April 11, 1984,
15:42 6 h, 44 min Repair Solar Max
52. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 1 Leonid Kizim & Vladimir Solovyov April 23, 1984,
04:31 April 23, 1984,
08:46 4 h, 20 min ODU repair
53. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 2 Kizim & V. Solovyov April 26, 1984,
02:40 April 26, 1984,
07:40 4 h, 56 min Repair ODU
54. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 3 Kizim & V. Solovyov April 29, 1984,
01:35 April 29, 1984,
04:20 2 h, 45 min Repair ODU
55. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 4 Kizim & V. Solovyov May 3, 1984,
23:15 May 4, 1984,
02:00 2 h, 45 min Repair ODU
56. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 4 Kizim & V. Solovyov May 18, 1984,
17:52 May 18, 1984,
20:57 3 h, 05 min Add solar array
57. Salyut 7 - VE-4 - EVA 5 Svetlana Savitskaya & Vladimir Dzhanibekov July 25, 1984,
14:55 July 25, 1984,
18:29 3 h, 35 min First woman EVA
58. Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 6 Kizim & V. Solovyov August 8, 1984,
08:46 August 8, 1984,
13:46 5 h, 00 min Complete ODU repair
59. STS-41-G - EVA 1 David Leestma & Kathryn D. Sullivan October 11, 1984 October 11, 1984 3 h, 29 min Test orbital refueling
60. STS-51-A - EVA 1 Joseph P. Allen & Dale Gardner November 12, 1984,
13:25 November 12, 1984,
19:25 6 h, 00 min Retrieve Palapa B-2 satellite
61. STS-51-A - EVA 2 Allen & Gardner November 14, 1984 - 11:09 November 14, 1984 - 16:51 5 h, 42 min Retrieve Westar VI
62. STS-51-D - EVA 1 Jeffrey Hoffman & Stanley Griggs April 16, 1985 April 16, 1985 3 h, 06 min Assist satellite repair
63. Salyut 7 - PE-4 - EVA 1 Vladimir Dzhanibekov & Viktor Savinykh August 2, 1985,
07:15 August 2, 1985,
12:15 5 h, 00 min Augment solar arrays
64. STS-51-I - EVA 1 William Fisher & van Hoften August 31, 1985 August 31, 1985 7 h, 20 min Retrieve Leasat 3
65. STS-51-I - EVA 2 Fisher & van Hoften September 1, 1985 September 1, 1985 4 h, 26 min Release Leasat 3
66. STS-61-B - EVA 1 Jerry L. Ross & Sherwood Spring November 29, 1985 November 29, 1985 5 h, 32 min Assemble EASE/ACCESS structure
67. STS-61-B - EVA 2 Ross & Spring December 1, 1985 December 1, 1985 6 h, 41 min Assemble EASE/ACCESS structure, test RMS
68. Salyut 7 - PE-6 - EVA 1 Kizim & V. Solovyov May 28, 1986,
05:43 May 28, 1986,
09:33 3 h, 50 min Test truss, retrieve samples
69. Salyut 7 - PE-6 - EVA 2 Kizim & V. Solovyov May 31, 1986,
04:57 May 31, 1986,
09:57 5 h, 00 min Test truss
70. Mir PE-2 - EVA 1 Romanenko & Aleksandr Laveykin April 11, 1987,
19:41 April 11, 1987,
23:21 3 h, 40 min Inspect Kvant docking
71. Mir PE-2 - EVA 2 Romanenko & Laveikin June 12, 1987,
16:55 June 12, 1987,
18:48 1 h, 53 min Install solar array
72. Mir PE-2 - EVA 3 Romanenko & Laveikin June 16, 1987,
15:30 June 16, 1987,
18:45 3 h, 15 min Install solar array
73. Mir PE-3 - EVA 1 Vladimir G. Titov & Musa Manarov February 26, 1988,
09:00 February 26, 1988,
13:55 4 h, 25 min Replace solar array
74. Mir PE-3 - EVA 2 Titov & Manarov June 30, 1988,
05:33 June 30, 1988,
10:43 5 h, 10 min Repair X-ray detector
75. Mir PE-3 - EVA 3 Titov & Manarov October 20, 1988,
05:59 October 20, 1988,
10:11 4 h, 12 min Repair X-ray telescope
76. Mir PE-4 - EVA 1 Alexander A. Volkov & Jean-Loup Chrétien December 9, 1988,
09:57 December 9, 1988,
15:57 6 h, 00 min First French EVA
77. Mir PE-5 - EVA 1 Alexander Viktorenko & Aleksandr Serebrov January 8, 1990,
20:23 January 8, 1990,
23:19 2 h, 56 min Install star trackers
78. Mir PE-5 - EVA 2 Viktorenko & Serebrov January 11, 1990,
18:01 January 11, 1990,
20:55 2 h, 54 min Modify Mir for Kvant 2
79. Mir PE-5 - EVA 3 Viktorenko & Serebrov January 26, 1990,
12:09 January 26, 1990,
15:11 3 h, 02 min Test Orlan-DMA spacesuit
80. Mir PE-5 - EVA 4 Viktorenko & Serebrov February 1, 1990,
08:15 February 1, 1990,
13:14 4 h, 59 min Test SPK EVA device
81. Mir PE-5 - EVA 5 Viktorenko & Serebrov February 5, 1990,
06:08 February 5, 1990,
09:53 3 h, 45 min Test SPK EVA device
82. Mir PE-6 - EVA 1 Anatoly Solovyev & Aleksandr Balandin July 17, 1990,
13:06 July 17, 1990,
20:22 7 h, 00 min Repair Soyuz TM-9 insulation
83. Mir PE-6 - EVA 2 A. Solovyov & Balandin July 26, 1990,
11:15 July 26, 1990,
14:46 3 h, 31 min Inspect Kvant 2 hatch
84. Mir PE-7 - EVA 1 Gennadi Manakov & Gennady Strekalov October 29, 1990,
21:45 October 30, 1990,
00:30 2 h, 45 min Repair Kvant 2 hatch
85. Mir PE-8 - EVA 1 Viktor M. Afanasyev & Manarov January 7, 1991,
17:03 January 7, 1991,
22:21 5 h, 18 min Repair Kvant 2 hatch
86. Mir PE-8 - EVA 2 Afanaseyev & Manarov January 23, 1991,
10:59 January 23, 1991,
16:32 5 h, 33 min Install Stela boom
87. Mir PE-8 - EVA 3 Afanaseyev & Manarov January 26, 1991,
09:00 January 26, 1991,
15:20 6 h, 20 min Install solar array supports
88. STS-37 - EVA 1 Ross & Jerome Apt April 7, 1991, April 7, 1991, 4 h, 26 min Deploy GRO antenna
89. STS-37 - EVA 2 Ross & Apt April 8, 1991, April 8, 1991, 5 h, 47 min Test EVA equipment
90. Mir PE-8 - EVA 4 Afanaseyev & Manarov April 25, 1991,
20:29 April 26, 1991,
00:03 3 h, 34 min Inspect Kurs antenna
91. Mir PE-9 - EVA 1 Anatoly Artsebarsky & Sergei Krikalev June 24, 1991,
21:11 June 25, 1991,
02:09 4 h, 58 min Replace Kurs antenna
92. Mir PE-9 - EVA 2 Artsebarski & Krikalev June 28, 1991,
19:02 June 28, 1991,
22:26 3 h, 24 min Attach TREK experiment
93. Mir PE-9 - EVA 3 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 15, 1991,
11:45 July 15, 1991,
17:41 5 h, 56 min Prepare for Sofora girder
94. Mir PE-9 - EVA 4 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 19, 1991,
11:10 July 19, 1991,
16:38 5 h, 28 min Assemble Sofora girder
95. Mir PE-9 - EVA 5 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 23, 1991,
09:15 July 23, 1991,
14:57 5 h, 42 min Assemble Sofora girder
96. Mir PE-9 - EVA 6 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 27, 1991,
08:44 July 27, 1991,
15:33 6 h, 49 min Complete Sofora girder
97. Mir PE-10 - EVA 1 Volkov & Krikalev February 20, 1992,
20:09 February 21, 1992,
00:21 4 h, 12 min Maintain Mir
98. STS-49 - EVA 1 Pierre Thuot & Richard Hieb May 10, 1992,
20:40 May 11, 1992,
00:23 3 h, 43 min Retrieve Intelsat VI
99. STS-49 - EVA 2 Thuot & Hieb May 11, 1992,
21:05 May 12, 1992,
02:35 5 h, 30 min Repair Intelsat VI
100. STS-49 - EVA 3 Thuot, Hieb & Thomas Akers May 13, 1992,
21:17 May 14, 1992,
05:46 8 h, 29 min First three-person spacewalk; Retrieve, repair Intelsat VI
101. STS-49 - EVA 4 Akers & Kathryn Thornton May 14, 1992, ~21:00 May 15, 1992, ~04:45 7 h, 44 min Test space station equipment
102. Mir PE-11 - EVA 1 Viktorenko & Alexander Kaleri July 8, 1992,
12:38 July 8, 1992,
14:41 2 h, 03 min Inspect Kvant 2 gyrodynes
103. Mir PE-12 - EVA 1 Sergei Avdeyev & A. Solovyov September 3, 1992,
13:32 September 3, 1992,
17:28 3 h, 56 min Prepare to install VDU
104. Mir PE-12 - EVA 2 Avdeyev & A. Solovyov September 7, 1992,
11:47 September 7, 1992,
16:55 5 h, 08 min Install VDU on Sofora truss
105. Mir PE-12 - EVA 3 Avdeyev & A. Solovyov September 11, 1992,
10:06 September 11, 1992,
15:50 5 h, 44 min Install VDU on Sofora truss
106. Mir PE-12 - EVA 4 Avdeyev & A. Solovyov September 15, 1992,
07:49 September 15, 1992,
11:22 3 h, 33 min Move Kurs unit on Kristall
107. STS-54 - EVA 1 Gregory Harbaugh & Mario Runco January 17, 1993, January 17, 1993, 4 h, 28 min Space Station Assembly tests
108. Mir PE-13 - EVA 1 Manakov & Alexander Poleshchuk April 19, 1993,
17:15 April 19, 1993,
22:40 5 h, 25 min Install solar arrays
109. Mir PE-13 - EVA 2 Manakov & Poleshchuk June 18, 1993,
17:25 June 18, 1993,
21:58 4 h, 33 min Install solar arrays
110. STS-57 - EVA 1 George Low & Peter Wisoff June 25, 1993, June 25, 1993, 5 h, 50 min Practice EVA tasks
111. Mir PE-14 - EVA 1 Vasili Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 16, 1993,
05:57 September 16, 1993,
10:16 4 h, 18 min Prepare Rapana truss assembly
112. STS-51 - EVA 1 James H. Newman & Carl Walz September 16, 1993,
08:40 September 16, 1993,
15:45 7 h, 05 min Test Hubble Space Telescope repair tools
113. Mir PE-14 - EVA 2 Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 20, 1993,
03:51:50 September 20, 1993,
07:05:40 3 h, 13 min Assemble Rapana truss
114. Mir PE-14 - EVA 3 Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 28, 1993,
00:57 September 28, 1993,
02:48 1 h, 52 min Inspect Mir exterior
115. Mir PE-14 - EVA 4 Tsibliyev & Serebrov October 22, 1993,
15:47 October 22, 1993,
16:25 0 h, 38 min Inspect Mir exterior
116. Mir PE-14 - EVA 5 Tsibliyev & Serebrov October 29, 1993,
13:38 October 29, 1993,
17:50 4 h, 12 min Inspect Mir exterior
117. STS-61 - EVA 1 Musgrave & Hoffman December 5, 1993,
03:44 December 5, 1993,
11:38 7 h, 54 min Replace HST gyros
118. STS-61 - EVA 2 Kathryn C. Thornton & Akers December 6, 1993,
03:29 December 6, 1993,
10:05 6 h, 36 min Replace HST solar arrays
119. STS-61 - EVA 3 Musgrave & Hoffman December 7, 1993,
03:35 December 7, 1993,
10:22 6 h, 47 min Replace HST WFPC & WFPC-2
120. STS-61 - EVA 4 Kathryn Thornton & Akers December 8, 1993,
03:13 December 8, 1993,
10:03 7 h, 21 min Replace HST solar array drive
121. STS-61 - EVA 5 Musgrave & Hoffman December 9, 1993,
03:30 December 9, 1993,
10:51 7 h, 21 min Complete Hubble service
122. Mir PE-16 - EVA 1 Yuri Malenchenko & Talgat Musabayev September 9, 1994,
07:00 September 9, 1994,
12:06 5 h, 04 min Repair Soyuz thermal blanket
123. Mir PE-16 - EVA 2 Malenchenko & Musabayev September 13, 1994,
06:30 September 13, 1994,
12:32 6 h, 01 min Mir maintenance
124. STS-64 - EVA 1 Mark C. Lee & Carl Meade September 16, 1994,
14:42 September 16, 1994,
21:33 6 h, 51 min untethered spacewalk to test SAFER EVA device
125. STS-63 - EVA 1 Michael Foale & Bernard Harris February 9, 1995,
11:56 February 9, 1995,
16:35 4 h, 39 min Tests for International Space Station assembly
126. Mir PE-18 - EVA 1 Vladimir N. Dezhurov & Strekalov May 12, 1995,
04:20:44 May 12, 1995,
10:35:16 6 h, 14 min, 32 s Move Solar Arrays to Kvant
127. Mir PE-18 - EVA 2 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 17, 1995,
02:38 May 17, 1995,
09:20 6 h, 52 min Install solar array on Kvant
128. Mir PE-18 - EVA 3 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 22, 1995,
00:10:20 May 22, 1995,
05:25:11 5 h, 14 min, 51 s Install solar array on Kvant
129. Mir PE-18 - EVA 4 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 28, 1995,
22:22 May 28, 1995,
22:43 0 h, 21 min Prepare Mir to move Kristall
130. Mir PE-18 - EVA 5 Dezhurov & Strekalov June 1, 1995,
22:05:30 June 1, 1995,
22:28:20 0 h, 23 min, 50 s Prepare Mir to move Spektr
131. Mir PE-19 - EVA 1 A. Solovyov & Nikolai Budarin July 14, 1995,
03:56 July 14, 1995,
09:30 5 h, 34 min Deploy Spektr solar array
132. Mir PE-19 - EVA 2 A. Solovyov & Budarin July 19, 1995,
00:39 July 19, 1995,
03:47 3 h, 08 min Install MIRAS spectrometer
133. Mir PE-19 - EVA 3 A. Solovyov & Budarin July 21, 1995,
00:28 July 21, 1995,
06:18 5 h, 35 min Install MIRAS spectrometer
134. STS-69 - EVA 1 James S. Voss & Michael Gernhardt September 16, 1995,
08:20 September 16, 1995,
15:06 6 h, 46 min Practice ISS assembly
135. Mir PE-20 - EVA 1 Avdeyev & Thomas Reiter October 20, 1995,
11:50 October 20, 1995,
17:06 5 h, 16 min First ESA EVA
136. Mir PE-20 - EVA 2 Avdeyev & Yuri Gidzenko December 8, 1995,
19:23 December 8, 1995,
19:52 0 h, 37 min Transfer docking cone
137. STS-72 - EVA 1 Leroy Chiao & Daniel Barry January 15, 1996,
05:35 January 15, 1996,
11:44 6 h, 09 min Practice ISS assembly
138. STS-72 - EVA 2 Chiao & Winston E. Scott January 17, 1996,
05:40 January 17, 1996,
12:34 6 h, 53 min Practice ISS assembly
139. Mir PE-20 - EVA 3 Reiter & Gidzenko February 8, 1996,
14:03 February 8, 1996,
17:08 3 h, 06 min Repair Kvant 2 antenna
140. Mir PE-21 - EVA 1 Yuri Onufrienko & Yury Usachev March 15, 1996,
01:04 March 15, 1996,
06:55 5 h, 51 min Install 2nd Strela boom
141. STS-76/Mir PE-21 Michael R. Clifford & Linda Godwin March 27, 1996,
06:34 March 27, 1996,
12:36 6 h, 02 min Practice ISS assembly
142. Mir PE-21 - EVA 2 Onufrienko & Usachev May 20, 1996,
22:50 May 21, 1996,
04:10 5 h, 20 min Transfer MCSA to Kvant
143. Mir PE-21 - EVA 3 Onufrienko & Usachev May 24, 1996,
20:47 May 25, 1996,
02:30 5 h, 34 min Install MCSA on Kvant
144. Mir PE-21 - EVA 4 Onufrienko & Usachev May 30, 1996,
18:20 May 30, 1996,
22:40 4 h, 20 min Install MOMS to Priroda
145. Mir PE-21 - EVA 5 Onufrienko & Usachev June 6, 1996,
16:56 June 6, 1996,
20:30 3 h, 34 min Install micrometeoroid detectors
146. Mir PE-21 - EVA 6 Onufrienko & Usachev June 13, 1996,
12:45 June 13, 1996,
18:27 5 h, 42 min Install Ferma-3 on Kvant
147. Mir PE-22 - EVA 1 Valery Korzun & Kaleri December 2, 1996,
15:54 December 2, 1996,
21:52 5 h, 57 min Install solar array cables
148. Mir PE-22 - EVA 2 Korzun & Kaleri December 9, 1996,
13:50 December 9, 1996,
20:28 6 h, 36 min Attach Kurs docking antenna
149. STS-82 - EVA 1 Lee & Steven Smith February 14, 1997,
04:34 February 14, 1997,
11:16 6 h, 42 min HST repair
150. STS-82 - EVA 2 Harbaugh & Joseph R. Tanner February 15, 1997,
03:25 February 15, 1997,
10:52 7 h, 27 min HST repair
151. STS-82 - EVA 3 Lee & Steven Smith February 16, 1997,
02:53 February 16, 1997,
10:04 7 h, 11 min HST repair
152. STS-82 - EVA 4 Harbaugh & Tanner February 17, 1997,
03:45 February 17, 1997,
10:19 6 h, 34 min HST repair
153. STS-82 - EVA 5 Lee & Steven Smith February 18, 1997,
03:15 February 18, 1997,
08:32 5 h, 17 min HST repair
154. Mir PE-23 - EVA 1 Tsibliyev & Jerry Linenger April 29, 1997,
05:10 April 29, 1997,
10:09 4 h, 59 min Test Orlan-M spacesuit
155. Mir PE-24 - EVA 1 A. Solovyov & Pavel Vinogradov August 22, 1997,
11:14 August 22, 1997,
14:30 3 h, 16 min Inspect Spektr damage
156. Mir PE-24 - EVA 2 A. Solovyov & Foale September 6, 1997,
01:07 September 6, 1997,
07:07 6 h, 00 min Inspect Spektr damage
157. STS-86 - EVA 1 Scott Parazynski & Titov October 1, 1997,
October 1, 1997,
5 h, 01 min Retrieved MEEP from Mir
158. Mir PE-24 - EVA 3 A. Solovyov & Vinogradov October 20, 1997,
09:40 October 20, 1997,
16:18 6 h, 38 min EVA inside Spektr
159. Mir PE-24 - EVA 4 A. Solovyov & Vinogradov November 3, 1997,
03:32 November 3, 1997,
09:36 6 h, 04 min Dismantle solar panel
160. Mir PE-24 - EVA 5 A. Solovyov & Vinogradov November 6, 1997,
00:12 November 6, 1997,
06:24 6 h, 12 min Install solar panel
161. STS-87 - EVA 1 Winston E. Scott & Takao Doi November 25, 1997,
00:02 November 25, 1997,
07:45 7 h, 43 min Capture Spartan satellite
162. STS-87 - EVA 2 Winston E. Scott & Doi December 3, 1997,
09:09 December 3, 1997,
14:09 4 h, 59 min Test ISS assembly tools
163. Mir PE-24 - EVA 6 A. Solovyov & Vinogradov January 8, 1998,
23:08 January 9, 1998,
02:14 3 h, 06 min Repair leaking EVA hatch
164. Mir PE-24 - EVA 7 A. Solovyov & David Wolf January 14, 1998,
21:12 January 14, 1998,
01:04 3 h, 52 min Inspect ouside of Mir
165. Mir PE-25 - EVA 1 Musabayev & Budarin April 1, 1998,
13:35 April 1, 1998,
20:15 6 h, 40 min Repair solar panel
166. Mir PE-25 - EVA 2 Musabayev & Budarin April 6, 1998,
13:35 April 6, 1998,
17:50 4 h, 15 min Repair solar panel
167. Mir PE-25 - EVA 3 Musabayev & Budarin April 11, 1998,
09:55 April 11, 1998,
16:20 6 h, 25 min Remove Mir thruster engine
168. Mir PE-25 - EVA 4 Musabayev & Budarin April 17, 1998,
07:40 April 17, 1998,
14:13 6 h, 33 min Repair Mir thruster engine
169. Mir PE-25 - EVA 5 Musabayev & Budarin April 22, 1998,
05:34 April 22, 1998,
11:55 6 h, 21 min Replace Mir thruster engine
170. Mir PE-26 - EVA 1 Gennady Padalka & Avdeyev September 15, 1998,
20:00 September 15, 1998,
20:30 0 h, 30 min Repair solar array motor inside Spektr
171. Mir PE-26 - EVA 2 Padalka & Avdeyev November 10, 1998,
19:23 November 11, 1998,
01:18 5 h, 54 min Deploy satellite, mount experiments
172. STS-88 - EVA 1 Ross & Newman December 7, 1998,
22:10 December 8, 1998,
05:31 7 h, 21 min Connect Unity Module cables to Zarya
173. STS-88 - EVA 2 Ross & Newman December 9, 1998,
20:33 December 10, 1998,
03:35 7 h, 02 min Install Unity antennas
174. STS-88 - EVA 3 Ross & Newman December 12, 1998,
20:33 December 13, 1998,
03:32 6 h, 59 min Install Unity EVA equipment
175. Mir PE-27 - EVA 1 Afanasyev & Jean-Pierre Haigneré April 16, 1999,
04:37 April 16, 1999,
10:56 6 h, 19 min Install experiments outside Mir
176. STS-96 - EVA 1 Tamara E. Jernigan & Barry May 30, 1999,
02:56 May 30, 1999,
10:51 7 h, 55 min Install cranes on ISS
177. Mir PE-27 - EVA 2 Afanasyev & Avdeyev July 23, 1999,
11:06 July 23, 1999,
17:13 6 h, 07 min Install communications antenna
178. Mir PE-27 - EVA 3 Afanasyev & Avdeyev July 28, 1999,
09:37 July 28, 1999,
14:59 5 h, 22 min Deploy communications antenna
179. STS-103 - EVA 1 Steven Smith & John Grunsfeld December 22, 1999,
18:54 December 23, 1999,
03:09 8 h, 15 min Service Hubble telescope
180. STS-103 - EVA 2 Foale & Claude Nicollier December 23, 1999,
19:06 December 24, 1999,
03:16 8 h, 10 min Service Hubble telescope
181. STS-103 - EVA 3 Steven Smith & Grunsfeld December 24, 1999,
19:17 December 25, 1999,
03:25 8 h, 08 min Service Hubble telescope
182. Mir PE-28 - EVA 1 Sergei Zalyotin & Kaleri May 12, 2000,
10:44 May 12, 2000,
15:47 5 h, 03 min Inspect Mir space station
183. STS-101 - EVA 1 James Voss & Jeffrey N. Williams May 22, 2000,
01:48 May 22, 2000,
08:32 6 h, 44 min Repair cranes on ISS
184. STS-106 - EVA 1 Edward Lu & Malenchenko September 11, 2000,
04:47 September 11, 2000,
11:01 6 h, 14 min Install magnetometer and boom
185. STS-92 - EVA 1 Chiao & William McArthur October 15, 2000,
14:27 October 15, 2000,
20:55 6 h, 28 min Connect cables & install antennas
186. STS-92 - EVA 2 Michael Lopez-Alegria & Wisoff October 16, 2000,
14:15 October 16, 2000,
21:22 7 h, 07 min Install PMA-3 docking port
187. STS-92 - EVA 3 Chiao & McArthur October 17, 2000,
14:30 October 17, 2000,
21:18 6 h, 48 min Install Z1 truss on Unity
188. STS-92 - EVA 4 Lopez-Alegria & Wisoff October 18, 2000,
15:00 October 18, 2000,
21:56 6 h, 56 min Finish up Z1 install
189. STS-97 - EVA 1 Tanner & Carlos I. Noriega December 3, 2000,
18:35 December 4, 2000,
02:08 7 h, 33 min P6 solar array to Z1
190. STS-97 - EVA 2 Tanner & Noriega December 5, 2000,
17:21 December 5, 2000,
23:58 6 h, 37 min Install/activate P6 solar array
191. STS-97 - EVA 3 Tanner & Noriega December 7, 2000,
16:13 December 7, 2000,
21:23 5 h, 10 min Install electrical probes
192. STS-98 - EVA 1 Thomas D. Jones & Robert Curbeam February 10, 2001,
15:50 February 10, 2001,
23:24 7 h, 34 min Install connect Destiny to Unity
193. STS-98 - EVA 2 Jones & Curbeam February 12, 2001,
15:59 February 12, 2001,
22:49 6 h, 50 min Install Docking Module on Destiny
194. STS-98 - EVA 3 Jones & Curbeam February 14, 2001,
14:48 February 14, 2001,
20:13 5 h, 25 min Install antenna, release radiator
195. STS-102 - EVA 1 James Voss & Susan Helms March 11, 2001,
05:12 March 11, 2001,
14:08 8 h, 56 min Prepare docking port for Leonardo
196. STS-102 - EVA 2 Andrew Thomas & Paul W. Richards March 13, 2001,
05:23 March 13, 2001,
11:44 6 h, 21 min Install spare ammonia coolant pump
197. STS-100 - EVA 1 Chris Hadfield & Parazynski April 22, 2001,
11:45 April 22, 2001,
18:55 7 h, 10 min UHF antenna, Canadarm2 install; 1st Canadian spacewalk
198. STS-100 - EVA 2 Hadfield & Parazynski April 24, 2001,
12:34 April 24, 2001,
20:14 7 h, 40 min Canadarm2 checkouts
199. ISS Expedition 2
EVA 1 Usachev & James Voss June 8, 2001,
14:21 June 8, 2001,
14:40 0 h, 19 min Transfer docking cone
200. STS-104 - EVA 1 Gernhardt & James Reilly July 15, 2001,
03:10 July 15, 2001,
09:09 5 h, 59 min Install Quest airlock on ISS
201. STS-104 - EVA 2 Gernhardt & Reilly July 18, 2001,
03:04 July 18, 2001,
09:33 6 h, 29 min Install first 2 gas tanks to airlock
202. STS-104 - EVA 3 Gernhardt & Reilly July 21, 2001,
04:35 July 21, 2001,
08:37 4 h, 02